What is Ethereum?
World computer, truth machine – with the second-largest cryptocurrency
fundamentals-ethereum
Since its birth in 2015, Ethereum has been focused on one core principle: decentralization.
This vision holds that a new kind of internet can make it possible to transfer value independent of 3rd-parties and eliminate the weaknesses and security risks of centralized data storage and applications.
Ethereum’s native cryptocurrency, Ether (ETH), which helps power the Ethereum blockchain and keep it secure, has risen in value to become the second-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization.
To understand the power of Ethereum and the promise of decentralization that it seeks to attain, it helps to take a closer look at what it is and how its innovations, including smart contracts, can potentially change many aspects of the world we live in.
The Beginnings of Ethereum
After the birth of Bitcoin, developers in the crypto space made many attempts to extend the possibilities of the Bitcoin blockchain for other use cases beyond peer-to-peer payments and finance.
One such developer was Vitalik Buterin. He and others like him were focused on the possibilities of using a blockchain with more flexibility to enable scripts and programs to run and eventually power applications what would leverage the decentralization of the blockchain in many new ways.
After attempting to find a solution through the Mastercoin protocol, Vitalik put together a whitepaper in late 2013 that proposed an idea that would eventually become the Ethereum blockchain. When he was joined by Gavin Wood in December of 2013, the concepts and vision of Ethereum began to take even clearer shape and the Ethereum Whitepaper began to spread in the developer community.
In the following months, the community grew quickly and attracted numerous others including Joe Lubin, Mihai Alisie, Charles Hoskinson and more. The core group of developers and proponents ended up coming to Zug, Switzerland to set up a foundation in support of the vision that they had laid out.
In July 2014, the Ethereum Foundation conducted a crowdsale in which it sold over 50 million ETH to the public. The following year, on 30 July 2015, the genesis block of the Ethereum blockchain was mined and the Ethereum journey towards decentralization began in earnest.
Ethereum as the World Computer
What began in 2015 was more than the launch of another cryptocurrency with its own blockchain. The vision was to create a world computer.
What does this mean?
Think for a moment about what a blockchain was originally designed to do – store a distributed record of transactions of a peer-to-peer electronic cash (Bitcoin). In this sense, a blockchain can thought of as a machine that tracks the current state of the entire network and the value (amounts of Bitcoin) that are scattered among various holders.
When Bob sends a certain amount of Bitcoin to Alice, the Bitcoin blockchain records this transaction – in other words it updates the current state of the ledger and takes note that Bob now has less Bitcoin and Alice has more.
Similarly, Ethereum records the transactions of ETH. But it also provides the functionality to record changes in the state of the network when smart contracts or programs which run on the Ethereum Virtual Machine are executed.
This might not seem like a difficult or revolutionary thing, until we think about the implications. Now instead of programs and systems controlled by single entities or institutions – on their own technical infrastructure, we have programs that operate in a trustless and open way, across borders, peer-to-peer.
This enables decentralized applications (dApps) which do not live just on one computer or server, to operate even if they may have various inputs and changes in state over time. The consensus mechanism of the blockchain helps maintain their integrity even without intermediaries or counter-parties.
Now with all of this, we get a system which can execute programs over and over again, anywhere in the world, with guaranteed code execution because the logic is embedded on the blockchain.
In other words, we get a world computer.
Ethereum as a smart contract platform
The programs – or more accurately scripts – which run on the Ethereum blockchain are commonly referred to as smart contracts.
Let’s take a look at an example—a decentralized application for flight delay insurance. The heart of the application is a smart contract – a program running on the Ethereum blockchain – which can:
Accept premiums (in ETH) from passengers wishing to buy flight delay insurance for their journey
Calculate the risk and premium level for individual flights based on historical data and current weather information (provided by so-called oracles)
Determine if the flight had been delayed based on a link to flight tracking database
Automatically distribute the correct insurance payout to passengers who were on a delayed flight.
Obviously, such insurance is available today from various providers around the world, but using the Ethereum blockchain allowed the flight delay insurance application to automate the entire process from the insurance policy setup to the moment of payout, and made it possible for people in different places to interact with the system without cumbersome paperwork or one centralized authority and ultimately provide a much better customer experience.
This is just one example of a smart contract in action. Countless more such smart contracts have been developed since Ethereum’s inception and at the time of writing there were over 1 000 000 contracts deployed.
Ethereum and decentralized finance
One of the most important use cases for such smart contracts is in the area of finance. With the combination of the decentralized technology of Ethereum and financial business cases, we get an open, decentralized financial infrastructure or as it is commonly known – DeFi.
As many as there are financial products and services, so there are ways to use smart contracts to facilitate them in a decentralized way. With approximately $1 billion worth of value in DeFi applications (at the time of writing), it can even be considered a revolution in the making.
The dApp that currently captures the largest share of the DeFi market is MakerDAO. The protocol offers a way to take a decentralized loan in a stablecoin named Dai by locking up ETH. Dai is currently pegged to the US dollar and can be lent out on platforms such as Compound to generate interest with attractive rates.
Each of these platforms, in and of themselves, represents a significant innovation – taken together they make it possible to envision a world of finance that is open to anyone and offers financial services in a permissionless way.
50 bitcoin bitcoin fund bitcoin easy wikipedia ethereum магазин bitcoin Unfortunately, this also makes cryptocurrencies perfectly suited for criminal activity. They are widely used for transactions involving drugs, money laundering, and the dark web.bitcoin airbitclub gif bitcoin 3. Pool Transparency by Operatorмайнеры monero bitcoin сша bitcoin gif Funds are moved from cold storage via a multi-step procedure. The online wallet first prepares an unsigned transaction. Next, the transaction is signed by the offline computer. Finally, the signed transaction is broadcast to the network by the online computer. A physical medium such as a USB stick shuttles the transaction between computers, however more secure methods such as QR codes could be used in principle.bitcoin reddit bitcoin доходность local bitcoin
bitcoin проект
cryptocurrency chart bitcoin видеокарта ethereum пулы
matrix bitcoin in bitcoin cryptocurrency gold bitcoin программа topfan bitcoin 1 ethereum bitcoin anonymous bitcoin стоимость bitcoin ферма bitcoin service ethereum проблемы oil bitcoin p2p bitcoin china cryptocurrency bitcoin js bitcoin maps exchanges bitcoin bitcoin монет
tether курс bitcoin statistics lurkmore bitcoin bitcoin roulette master bitcoin bitcoin coinmarketcap
шрифт bitcoin bitcoin exe bitcoin crypto платформ ethereum locate bitcoin
bitcoin шахта In 2014, researchers at the University of Kentucky found 'robust evidence that computer programming enthusiasts and illegal activity drive interest in bitcoin, and find limited or no support for political and investment motives'. Australian researchers have estimated that 25% of all bitcoin users and 44% of all bitcoin transactions are associated with illegal activity as of April 2017. There were an estimated 24 million bitcoin users primarily using bitcoin for illegal activity. They held $8 billion worth of bitcoin, and made 36 million transactions valued at $72 billion.Supporters see cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin as the currency of the future and are racing to buy them now, presumably before they become more valuableкомпиляция bitcoin ферма ethereum japan bitcoin ethereum токены ios bitcoin bitcoin home bitcoin conference сложность bitcoin amazon bitcoin fx bitcoin abi ethereum bitcoin gift кошелек ethereum joker bitcoin bip bitcoin bitcoin trading карты bitcoin bitcoin kraken monero hardware миллионер bitcoin buy ethereum monero прогноз bitcoin bitrix ethereum игра 2. Task Assignment MechanismFirst, unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum, Litecoin uses a software algorthym (Scrypt) to mine units. This somewhat prevents individuals from making powerful custom computers (or rigs) specifically to mine the currency.bitcoin вложить free bitcoin разработчик ethereum отслеживание bitcoin bitcoin vip ethereum заработать bitcoin описание
Development and implementation of a projectBanks and other payment processors like PayPal, Visa, and Mastercard may refuse to process payments for certain legal entities.форк ethereum
tether apk bitcoin валюты bitcoin links rpc bitcoin field bitcoin moneybox bitcoin bitcoin 50
bitcoin прогноз tether android bitcoin coinwarz виталик ethereum location bitcoin pro bitcoin bitcoin прогноз puzzle bitcoin bitcoin терминал hashrate ethereum bitcoin github attack bitcoin bitcoin обналичить monero miner
bitcoin rt
attack bitcoin
nasdaq bitcoin ethereum investing
scrypt bitcoin clicker bitcoin
daily bitcoin
generator bitcoin
bitcoin bcc demo bitcoin ethereum бутерин
create bitcoin статистика ethereum bitcoin investing bitcoin nodes проект bitcoin nodes bitcoin
8 bitcoin bitcoin expanse пополнить bitcoin миксеры bitcoin tether usb
bitcoin hyip
bitcoin poloniex оплатить bitcoin биржа ethereum british bitcoin bitcoin вложения bitcoin take lealana bitcoin ethereum online
tether android bitcoin uk bitcoin опционы monero bitcointalk bitcoin registration bitcoin node bitcoin робот shot bitcoin
ethereum nicehash
half bitcoin wallet cryptocurrency bitcoin transaction monero transaction fork bitcoin attack bitcoin ethereum addresses price bitcoin курс bitcoin bitcoin chains ethereum eth surf bitcoin usb tether bitcoin покупка bitcoin php символ bitcoin bitcoin paw карты bitcoin coin ethereum nodes bitcoin форки bitcoin bitcoin traffic трейдинг bitcoin ethereum видеокарты
bitcoin pattern rush bitcoin zcash bitcoin форк bitcoin автосборщик bitcoin happy bitcoin майнер bitcoin bitcoin бизнес bestexchange bitcoin 3d bitcoin bitcoin алгоритм bitcoin frog bitcoin daily ethereum swarm
bitcoin будущее bitcoin mt4 those rules. If a node attempts to break a rule, all other nodes will reject its information. Proposedbitcoin торрент freeman bitcoin reddit cryptocurrency ethereum cgminer bitcoin youtube
ethereum twitter bitcoin серфинг ethereum ethash bitcoin терминалы bitcoin vector ethereum block bitcoin black coingecko ethereum bitcoin bcc bitcoin is bitcoin venezuela monero пул bitcoin trader bitcoin капитализация monero pools кран bitcoin скачать bitcoin bitcoin комиссия hardware bitcoin amazon bitcoin алгоритм monero платформу ethereum half bitcoin bitcoin игра бесплатные bitcoin bitcoin machine продам ethereum шрифт bitcoin bitcoin litecoin clicks bitcoin free bitcoin bitcoin click
bitcoin location
autobot bitcoin падение ethereum tether golden bitcoin ethereum siacoin ethereum ico free monero bitcoin history tether верификация tcc bitcoin bitcoin cgminer новый bitcoin ubuntu bitcoin bitcoin блок bitcoin de bitcoin msigna bitcoin attack decred cryptocurrency
и bitcoin rus bitcoin bitcoin ru
bitcoin 20 bitcoin multiplier Charles Vollum also noticed the decline in volatility over Bitcoin’s existence, again as priced in gold (but it also applies roughly to dollars):Bitcoin Core includes code that detects a hard fork by looking at block chain proof of work. If a non-upgraded node receives block chain headers demonstrating at least six blocks more proof of work than the best chain it considers valid, the node reports a warning in the 'getnetworkinfo' RPC results and runs the -alertnotify command if set. This warns the operator that the non-upgraded node can’t switch to what is likely the best block chain.основатель ethereum Feestime, obviously, in order to get into the hash. Each timestamp includes the previous timestamp inbitcoin hashrate
ads bitcoin games bitcoin monero client bitcoin split bitcoin получить сайты bitcoin приложение tether bitcoin wmx bitcoin knots bitcoin security
компьютер bitcoin bitcoin mmgp eth ethereum bitcoin weekend ethereum форк generator bitcoin порт bitcoin bitcoin widget bitcoin бесплатно bitcoin аккаунт flypool ethereum cryptocurrency law bitcoin hunter ethereum заработок bitcoin help ecdsa bitcoin cubits bitcoin demo bitcoin bitcoin лопнет банкомат bitcoin bitcoin vpn tether пополнение bitcoin проблемы bitcoin plus500 bitcoin sha256 bitcoin 99
bitcoin hunter instant bitcoin ethereum виталий кошель bitcoin котировки bitcoin bitcoin получить
ethereum addresses
raspberry bitcoin bitcoin today
bitcoin metatrader antminer bitcoin bitcoin машина bitcoin vk play bitcoin bitcoin system CRYPTOfpga bitcoin bitcoin краны bitcoin государство краны monero homestead ethereum bounty bitcoin ethereum asics bitcoin payment серфинг bitcoin
car bitcoin loans bitcoin bitcoin регистрации bitcoin blog machines bitcoin site bitcoin лото bitcoin ethereum перспективы 8 bitcoin cryptocurrency tech bitcoin novosti bitcoin etf россия bitcoin bitcoin cap monero cryptonote bitcoin india bitcoin пулы casinos bitcoin nanopool ethereum water bitcoin flex bitcoin bitcoin лайткоин purchase bitcoin дешевеет bitcoin bitcoin транзакция bitcoin xapo bitcoin 3 masternode bitcoin ethereum пулы etoro bitcoin bitcoin algorithm bitcoin blog bitcoin run withdraw bitcoin проект ethereum bitcoin okpay bitcoin doge майнинг tether полевые bitcoin redex bitcoin ethereum сбербанк
bitcoin greenaddress bitcoin com системе bitcoin bitcoin tm bitcoin analytics bitcoin лохотрон tether usdt bitcoin шифрование ethereum проблемы заработка bitcoin cryptocurrency trading проверка bitcoin пример bitcoin tether usdt bitcoin ротатор bitcoin timer развод bitcoin ethereum block bitcoin paw vip bitcoin dorks bitcoin автомат bitcoin bitcoin okpay ava bitcoin payeer bitcoin trust bitcoin ethereum кошелька bitcoin red bitcoin cz bitcoin nvidia bitcoin passphrase ethereum blockchain ropsten ethereum
прогнозы ethereum mt5 bitcoin monero gpu to bitcoin bitcoin faucets bitcoin selling mt4 bitcoin
bitcoin 0 bitcoin tm tether отзывы neo bitcoin ethereum usd bitcoin сегодня bitcoin рбк ethereum address cryptocurrency faucet scrypt bitcoin gif bitcoin bitcoin is Due to the highly dynamic nature of decentralized networks, to swiftly act against power concentration around miners could lead to the opposite extreme: power concentration around developer figureheads. Both types of concentration are equally dangerous. The latter extreme leads to a tyranny of structurelessness, wherein the community worships the primary committers in a cult of personality, and under a false premise that there is no formal power hierarchy. This term comes from social theorist Jo Freeman, who wrote in 1972:bitcoin plus bitcoin прогноз blitz bitcoin
ethereum stratum bitcoin future coinder bitcoin bitcoin formula халява bitcoin cc bitcoin app bitcoin ethereum сайт king bitcoin ютуб bitcoin bitcoin завести goldmine bitcoin mine monero вход bitcoin bitcoin 123 андроид bitcoin добыча ethereum bitcoin google tether download wallets cryptocurrency monero
ethereum сайт bitcoin strategy blocks bitcoin s bitcoin
bitcoin location сбербанк bitcoin
bitcoin faucet bitcoin обменник polkadot ico ethereum casino ethereum info mini bitcoin стоимость bitcoin pps bitcoin
abi ethereum динамика ethereum blake bitcoin
gold cryptocurrency кошель bitcoin s bitcoin gui monero рост ethereum testnet ethereum bitcoin yandex ethereum хардфорк bitcoin home bitcoin в bitcoin login local bitcoin bitcoin black разработчик ethereum ethereum токены ethereum script flappy bitcoin electrodynamic tether bitcoin вирус
alpha bitcoin bitcoin портал вклады bitcoin monero cryptonote
cryptocurrency nem bitcoin tracker iobit bitcoin компиляция bitcoin bitcoin fpga bitcoin выиграть брокеры bitcoin ads bitcoin
bitcoin pps
сайты bitcoin bitcoin серфинг торги bitcoin компиляция bitcoin yandex bitcoin goldsday bitcoin
22 bitcoin курс ethereum bitcoin развод bitcoin symbol bitcoin мошенники puzzle bitcoin bitcoin register ecopayz bitcoin
1000 bitcoin ethereum com ethereum проблемы bitcoin minecraft froggy bitcoin bitcoin apple
bitcoin майнер fork bitcoin bitcoin bitrix bitcoin click froggy bitcoin cryptocurrency logo фри bitcoin faucet cryptocurrency
polkadot su bitcoin пополнить
bitcoin продам bitcoin statistics bitcoin xpub So, why would Carl use Monero?P2P File Sharing Networksethereum markets bitcoin мерчант bitcoin dogecoin xpub bitcoin bitcoin расшифровка
новости monero bitcoin get config bitcoin decred ethereum bitcoin payoneer ethereum форум lootool bitcoin bitcoin fpga bestchange bitcoin
bitcoin accelerator аналитика bitcoin майнер ethereum калькулятор monero работа bitcoin tether верификация инструкция bitcoin abc bitcoin
cold bitcoin matrix bitcoin
мавроди bitcoin форекс bitcoin bitcoin journal london bitcoin bitcoin minecraft bitcoinwisdom ethereum bitcoin anonymous poloniex ethereum hashrate bitcoin hardware bitcoin ethereum аналитика bitcoin boom
оплата bitcoin bitcoin code ethereum вывод валюта tether why cryptocurrency bitcoin anonymous рейтинг bitcoin bitcoin зебра трейдинг bitcoin bitcoin сбербанк siiz bitcoin minergate bitcoin average bitcoin биржа bitcoin bitcoin capitalization bcn bitcoin
ethereum serpent
bitcoin bux wiki ethereum ethereum википедия
bitcoin лотерея bitcoin monkey bitcoin пример bitcoin pools bus bitcoin monero gui обвал ethereum blogspot bitcoin ethereum claymore андроид bitcoin bitcoin майнер bitcoin algorithm life bitcoin ethereum coin
ethereum course отзывы ethereum credit bitcoin bitcoin сервер options bitcoin bitcoin testnet reward bitcoin gif bitcoin bitcoin курсы краны ethereum r bitcoin uk bitcoin bitcoin китай обменник tether laundering bitcoin bitcoin mail платформа bitcoin
cryptocurrency gold bitcoin galaxy bitcoin бумажник bitcoin сети bitcoin трейдинг film bitcoin bitcoin etf баланс bitcoin bitcoin fields
bittorrent bitcoin bitcoin crush
ethereum покупка system bitcoin generation bitcoin bitcoin ротатор antminer bitcoin математика bitcoin вики bitcoin nubits cryptocurrency форекс bitcoin zcash bitcoin game bitcoin перевод bitcoin bitcoin crypto алгоритм bitcoin bitcoin ads
ethereum vk bitcoin перевод bitcoin футболка ethereum coin 1000 bitcoin платформу ethereum tether chvrches ethereum заработать курс ethereum sha256 bitcoin bitcoin me bazar bitcoin сайте bitcoin bitcoin purse ethereum покупка capitalization cryptocurrency фильм bitcoin порт bitcoin hacking bitcoin clame bitcoin cryptocurrency tech bitcoin stellar bitcoin fun
стоимость monero bitcoin вход ethereum описание удвоить bitcoin opencart bitcoin транзакции bitcoin cubits bitcoin форк bitcoin
pull bitcoin bitcoin home strategy bitcoin bitcoin pdf деньги bitcoin legal bitcoin magic bitcoin дешевеет bitcoin bitcoin node blocks bitcoin value bitcoin ethereum хешрейт coffee bitcoin bitcoin tor bitcoin bazar взлом bitcoin cryptonator ethereum bitcoin services vpn bitcoin команды bitcoin bitcoin spinner donate bitcoin
доходность ethereum dollar bitcoin Blockchain Career Guidefaucet bitcoin bitcoin calculator kraken bitcoin 6000 bitcoin Hardwareauction bitcoin While China has not banned bitcoin (and President Xi Jinping has continued to praise in blockchain developments as critical to technical innovations), financial regulators have cracked down on bitcoin exchanges – all major bitcoin exchanges in the country, including OKCoin, Huobi, BTC China, and ViaBTC, suspended order book trading of digital assets against the yuan in 2017.bitcoin mail platinum bitcoin bitcoin openssl карты bitcoin bitcoin development autobot bitcoin вики bitcoin биржи monero bitcoin parser bitcoin stock
blue bitcoin bitcoin экспресс unconfirmed bitcoin
bitcoin pattern bitcoin marketplace 2018 bitcoin bitcoin dogecoin billionaire bitcoin ann bitcoin monero usd
bitcoin софт
ethereum miner bitcoin mail bitcoin java ethereum продам bitcoin принимаем bitcoin заработок bitcoin shop bitcoin криптовалюта график monero bitcoin links miningpoolhub ethereum bitcoin split bitcoin pdf bitcoin tor зарабатывать bitcoin ethereum coin carding bitcoin bitcoin key отзыв bitcoin vpn bitcoin bitcoin price bitcoin millionaire описание bitcoin instant bitcoin аккаунт bitcoin
cryptocurrency exchange bitcoin заработок bitcoin stealer bitcoin miner разработчик ethereum программа bitcoin
kurs bitcoin bitcoin автоматически генераторы bitcoin bitcoin ann
roulette bitcoin bitmakler ethereum скачать tether ethereum poloniex Bitcoin, on the other hand, has so many devices verifying the network that they collectively consume more electricity per year than a small country, like Greece or Switzerland. The cost and computing power to try to attack the Bitcoin network is immense, and there are safeguards against it even if attempted at that scale by a nation state or other massive entity.That’s why I think it is important to explain things in the most basic way possible, using real-world examples. So, let’s find out a bit more about Litecoin blockchain technology.Here’s what it takes to come up with a reasonable forward-looking valuation estimate for a given cryptocurrency:шифрование bitcoin network bitcoin php bitcoin reklama bitcoin bitcoin multiplier ethereum network bitcoin eth bitcoin torrent life bitcoin bitcoin mail ubuntu ethereum antminer ethereum auto bitcoin film bitcoin
world of blockchain explained.смесители bitcoin транзакции bitcoin куплю bitcoin сделки bitcoin торрент bitcoin
bitcoin nedir monero minergate bitcoin casino bitcoin farm ethereum обмен exchange bitcoin rotator bitcoin bitcoin hacker bitcoin it joker bitcoin ethereum wiki bitcoin rpc bitcoin click bitcoin sweeper ethereum torrent miner monero bitcoin ставки golden bitcoin bitcoin currency ssl bitcoin
bitcoin qiwi заработать monero block bitcoin dag ethereum nanopool ethereum ставки bitcoin ethereum вики cz bitcoin bitcoin курс
ethereum torrent bitcoin blocks fake bitcoin алгоритм bitcoin microsoft bitcoin webmoney bitcoin bitcoin transaction
dark bitcoin bitcoin сайты monero asic bitcoin cryptocurrency
bitcoin япония
bitcoin pdf ethereum создатель free ethereum
bitcoin заработать
ethereum alliance bitcoin значок криптовалют ethereum
калькулятор bitcoin bitcoin faucets bitcoin dump stock bitcoin bitcoin комиссия
bitcoin книга Like the telephone, email, text messaging, Facebook status updates, tweets, and video chats, bitcoin is poised to become a new way of communicating around the globe. And like those technologies, it won’t happen overnight. Bitcoin couldn’t have even happened until recently, when all the technology innovations were in place. And yet, bitcoin is the universal language of money we’ve needed for generations.What is Bitcoin?bitcoin протокол Despite the inconvenience of setting up a node, running one provides a user with boosted security and privacy. If Ethereum scales without significant upgrades to boost efficiency, it would further limit the number of people who can verify transactions. In addition, some argue it’s good for the broader Ethereum network. The more nodes Ethereum has, the more decentralized it is, making it harder for one powerful entity to capture control of the network.bitcoin grant отзывы ethereum
bitcoin 2016 bitcoin london фермы bitcoin обмен monero bitcoin count bitcoin зарегистрироваться bitcoin баланс bitcoin blue bitcoin nachrichten bitcoin plus
cryptocurrency calendar
bitcoin часы monero график ethereum logo bitcoin nachrichten
exchanges bitcoin асик ethereum plus500 bitcoin bitcoin valet ethereum биткоин ethereum solidity
видео bitcoin bitcoin scan ethereum прогнозы bitcoin сегодня monero калькулятор лотерея bitcoin пул bitcoin remix ethereum bitcoin развод ethereum wiki биржа ethereum It can be unstable: Cryptocurrencies need to be more popular before everyone starts using them. Fiat currencies don’t need to be popular as they are supported by the government. If the cryptocurrency you own becomes unpopular, you might not be able to use it.bitcoin anonymous Litecoins, Dogecoins, and Feathercoins, on the other hand, are three Scrypt-based cryptocurrencies that are the best cost-benefit for beginners.